Bidirectional DC Fast Charging · AI Fleet Management

The Grid Works For You.

Fleet Intelligence.

PlugSeed optimises your electric fleet charging at the best trading moments and — where market rules allow — sells unused battery energy back to the grid, cutting energy costs and creating new recurring revenue, without compromising vehicle readiness.

30kW–1000kWProduct Family
ISO 15118-20Designed for · Vehicle Comms
Bidirectional ModesV2G · V2B
OCPP 2.0.1Designed for · Charge Protocol
PlugSeed bidirectional DC chargers lined up at a fleet depot at dusk — illustrative render
Live Demo

Energy Flow, In Every Direction

PlugSeed hardware moves power between the grid, on-site solar, the building, and the fleet — in whichever direction makes economic and operational sense. The animation below is an illustrative simulation.

Grid power charges the fleet during low-tariff hours.

Grid Solar AI Platform Building Fleet
Grid → Vehicle
Active Flow
58%
Target Fleet SoC
Charging
Fleet State
Technology Stack

Built for the Energy Transition

Hardware

Bidirectional DC Fast Charging

A bidirectional DC charging hardware family in development, spanning 30kW to 1000kW and designed to charge and discharge through the same connector.

AI Platform

AI Energy Optimisation

Forecasts fleet demand, tariffs, and solar generation to schedule charge and discharge cycles automatically.

Protocols

ISO 15118-20 & OCPP 2.0.1

Designed around the standards for vehicle and charge point communication — plug-and-charge, bidirectional power transfer, and interoperability across brands.

Grid

Grid Peak Demand Management

Shifts and shaves site load automatically to help manage demand charges and reduce strain on local infrastructure.

Renewables & Microgrids

PV & DC Microgrid Integration

Prioritises on-site solar and supports DC microgrid configurations for corporate and industrial sites.

Platform

Open & Scalable Architecture

API-first design that scales from a single site to a multi-site fleet without re-platforming.

Real-World Testing

Validated in the Field, Not Just on Paper

Our MVP hardware has already been tested on real vehicles — not simulations — across seven major EV brands, confirming compatibility well beyond a single reference vehicle.

BYDKiaOpelŠkoda ToyotaMercedes-BenzBMW
PlugSeed bidirectional DC wallbox — illustrative render

Production Design

The field-test rig shown above validates charging compatibility; this render shows the planned production enclosure design.

Why Now

Market Opportunity

Regulation, fleet electrification speed, and a gap in the market are converging at the same moment.

$64B
European EV charging infrastructure market by 2033 (USD)
24.1%
CAGR, 2025–2033

EU Rules Require Smart-Charging Readiness

Under the AFIR delegated act as currently adopted, newly installed or renovated public charge points — and new private Mode 3/4 points — must support ISO 15118-20 from 1 January 2027. It is the standard that enables Plug & Charge and bidirectional energy transfer.

Fleets Outpacing Infrastructure

Commercial fleets are electrifying faster than grid connections and depot charging can keep up, and peak-power tariffs make unmanaged charging expensive.

A Gap We Are Built For

We see a gap for modular, small-series bidirectional DC charging combined with AI fleet energy management, built for SME fleet depots.

Market figures: Renub Research (2025), Europe Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure Market 2025–2033 (USD 9.22B in 2024 to USD 64.34B in 2033). Regulation: Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2025/656 amending AFIR, Regulation (EU) 2023/1804.

Where It Matters

Value Across the Fleet

Energy Cost Efficiency

Shifts charging and discharging toward the lowest-cost, lowest-carbon hours available.

Peak Demand Management

Helps sites avoid costly demand spikes by coordinating fleet charging with site load.

Renewable Self-Consumption

Prioritises on-site solar generation for the fleet and building before drawing from the grid.

Grid Upgrade Avoidance

Intelligent load management can reduce or delay the need for costly site grid connection upgrades.

Target Segments

Who PlugSeed Electrifies

Commercial Fleets

  • Delivery vans & light commercial vehicles
  • Depot-based overnight charging
  • Smart charging and, where market rules allow, V2G participation

Industrial Depots

  • High-power multi-bay charging
  • Peak shaving for heavy site loads
  • DC microgrid integration for industrial sites

Corporate Sites

  • Employee & visitor charging
  • DC microgrid use cases for corporate campuses
  • Sustainability reporting

Energy Suppliers & Service Providers

  • Flexibility services from parked fleets
  • Demand-response participation where permitted
  • Local grid congestion relief
Product Roadmap

Path to Commercial Scale

Now

Working MVPs

A wallbox prototype tested on real vehicles across seven brands, with early versions of the companion mobile app and the AI fleet platform.

Late 2026

Certification & Pilot Batch

Target: CE certification of the wallbox and a first small production batch for pilot fleet customers.

2027

AI Platform Release

Target: pilot-fleet testing, tooling for volume manufacturing, the first AI platform release, and deeper integrations with fleet and back-office systems.

Beyond 2027

Scale & Aggregation

Multi-site fleet aggregation and grid services expansion across European markets.

Plans and dates are targets and may change.

Reference

EV Charging & V2G Glossary

The vocabulary behind bidirectional charging, fleet dispatch, and grid integration — in plain language, grouped by category. Click a category to jump straight to it.

Bidirectional & V2X

Bidirectional DC Charging
Charging hardware that can both deliver power to a vehicle and draw power back out of it, over direct current, through a single connector. The basis for every V2X use case below.
V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid)
The vehicle discharges stored battery energy back to the public grid, typically during high-price or high-demand periods, in exchange for compensation.
V2B (Vehicle-to-Building)
The vehicle powers the building or site load it's parked at, reducing grid draw without the energy ever leaving the premises.
V2H (Vehicle-to-Home)
The residential version of V2B — a vehicle backing up or offsetting a home's own electricity use.
V2F (Vehicle-to-Fleet)
Energy sharing between vehicles within the same fleet — one vehicle's surplus charge supporting another's shortfall, without routing through the grid.
V2X (Vehicle-to-Everything)
The umbrella term covering V2G, V2B, V2H, and V2F collectively — any scenario where a vehicle battery is treated as a dispatchable energy resource, not just a consumer.
State of Charge (SoC)
A battery's current charge level, expressed as a percentage of full capacity. Every dispatch decision — whether to charge, discharge, or wait — is ultimately a function of SoC and how much is needed for the next departure.
Depth of Discharge (DoD)
How far a battery has been drained, expressed as a percentage of capacity — the inverse of SoC. V2G dispatch is typically capped at a shallow DoD to protect battery health and preserve enough reserve for the vehicle's own trip.
Round-Trip Efficiency
The share of energy actually recovered when it's charged into a battery and then discharged back out — always less than 100% due to conversion losses. A real factor in whether V2G arbitrage is worth it at a given price spread.
DC Microgrid
A local power network — common in corporate and industrial sites — where generation (often solar), storage, and loads are connected over DC rather than AC, reducing conversion losses. Bidirectional chargers can act as a flexible node within one.

Hardware

DC Fast Charging (DCFC)
Charging where AC-to-DC conversion happens in the charger itself rather than the vehicle's onboard charger, enabling much higher power and, with the right hardware, bidirectional flow.
Charger / Charge Point
A charger is the physical unit; a charge point is a single connector on it capable of serving one vehicle. A charger can have more than one charge point.
Connector (CCS2)
The physical plug standard. CCS2 (Combined Charging System, Type 2) is the dominant DC connector across Europe and the one PlugSeed hardware is built around.
kW vs kWh
kW (kilowatt) is power — the rate energy is delivered right now. kWh (kilowatt-hour) is energy — the total quantity delivered over time. A 150kW charger running for 20 minutes delivers up to 50kWh.
Derating
A charger temporarily delivering less than its rated maximum power, usually due to heat or site load limits. A charger's real-time available capacity can be lower than its nameplate rating.
Power Electronics
The conversion hardware inside the charger — inverters and converters — that moves energy between AC grid, DC battery, and DC solar, in either direction. The core engineering challenge in making a charger genuinely bidirectional.
Connector Lock
A physical lock on the charging cable that prevents it from being disconnected mid-session. Important for safety on any charger capable of V2G, where an abrupt disconnect mid-export is a real hazard, not just an inconvenience.

Protocols & Standards

ISO 15118-20
The standard governing digital communication between vehicle and charger, including Plug and Charge authentication and — critically for V2G — bidirectional power transfer signaling.
OCPP 2.0.1
Open Charge Point Protocol — the standard connecting a charger to its management system: remote start/stop, status reporting, firmware updates, and smart charging profiles.
IEC 61851
The older, more limited standard for EV charging communication, mainly built around AC charging. ISO 15118 supersedes it for anything requiring Plug and Charge or bidirectional DC signaling.
Plug and Charge
Authentication where the vehicle identifies and authorises itself the moment it's plugged in — no app, card, or manual step required. Built on ISO 15118.
Smart Charging
Charging that's modulated in response to external signals — grid price, site load, solar availability — rather than simply drawing maximum power the instant it's connected.
OCPI (Open Charge Point Interface)
The standard that lets a charging network be used by drivers from a different provider's app or card — the "roaming" layer, distinct from OCPP (charger-to-management-system) and ISO 15118 (vehicle-to-charger).

AI & Energy Management

AI Dispatch Engine
The decision layer that continuously decides, per vehicle, whether to charge, discharge, or wait — based on spot price, solar availability, departure deadlines, and each vehicle's own priority and SoC requirements.
Spot Price
The live, hourly wholesale electricity price. Smart charging and V2G dispatch are only worth doing where a fleet is actually exposed to a price that varies — a flat industrial tariff removes the incentive.
Day-Ahead Market
The market where next-day hourly electricity prices are set, typically auctioned the afternoon before. Most spot-price-driven dispatch decisions are planned against this curve a day in advance.
Arbitrage
Buying (charging) when energy is cheap and selling (discharging via V2G) when it's expensive, profiting from the price difference. The core economic logic behind most V2G dispatch decisions.
Peak Shaving
Reducing the highest moments of power draw at a site, typically by shifting or pausing charging, to avoid demand-based grid charges and reduce strain on the site's connection.
Demand Charge
A utility fee based on the single highest power draw recorded in a billing period, independent of total energy used. Often one of the largest and least visible costs in depot charging.
Self-Consumption
The share of on-site solar generation actually used on site — by the fleet or the building — rather than exported or wasted. Maximising it is a core part of what an AI dispatch engine optimises for.
SoC Reserve
A minimum charge level an AI dispatch engine will never discharge a vehicle below, regardless of price — protecting both battery health and the vehicle's ability to still complete its next trip.
Charging Queue
The order in which waiting vehicles are dispatched to charge. A good queue accounts for how soon each vehicle must depart and how much energy it needs — not simply first-come-first-served.

Operations

Fleet Depot
A site where a commercial fleet's vehicles are based, charged, and typically depart from and return to on a predictable daily schedule.
Depot Charging
Charging that happens at the fleet's home base, usually overnight or between shifts, on a predictable schedule — the dominant pattern for most commercial EV fleets.
Opportunity Charging
Shorter charging sessions during a vehicle's working day — a delivery stop, a layover — topping up SoC rather than doing a full depot charge. Less predictable, harder to schedule around.
Uptime
The proportion of time a charger reports itself as available and functioning — a hardware/software reliability metric, not a guarantee of driver experience.
Session Energy
The total energy transferred — in either direction — during a single connected session, from plug-in to disconnect.
Grid Connection Headroom
The unused capacity remaining on a site's grid connection before it hits its contracted limit. Peak shaving and V2G both exist partly to protect this headroom without paying for a costlier grid upgrade.
Fleet Utilisation
The share of time a fleet's vehicles are actually in active use rather than idle or charging. Charging strategy directly affects this — a vehicle stuck waiting for its turn at a charger isn't earning.

Regulation

AFIR (Alternative Fuels Infrastructure Regulation)
The EU regulation setting binding requirements for charging infrastructure rollout across member states, including smart-charging readiness for new installations.
EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA)
EU legislation setting cybersecurity requirements for connected hardware and software — relevant to any charger exposing a network-connected control interface, which bidirectional chargers inherently do.
UL 9741
A safety standard specifically for bidirectional EV charging equipment, covering the additional hazards of power flowing both directions through the same hardware. Increasingly referenced internationally even outside the US markets it originates from.

Commonly Confused

V2G vs V2B
V2G sends power to the public grid, typically for compensation. V2B keeps the power on site, offsetting the building's own consumption. Same hardware, different destination.
OCPP vs ISO 15118
OCPP governs communication between the charger and its management system. ISO 15118 governs communication between the vehicle and the charger. Different link in the chain, often confused because both show up in the same sentence.
Uptime vs Availability
Uptime is what the charger reports about itself. Real-world availability — whether a driver can actually get a working session on the first try — is usually lower, and is the number that actually matters operationally.
Smart Charging vs Bidirectional Charging
Smart charging only controls when and how fast a vehicle charges — power still flows one way. Bidirectional charging is a hardware capability — power can flow both ways. A charger can be smart without being bidirectional, but V2G requires both.
Depot Charging vs Opportunity Charging
Depot charging is the scheduled, predictable overnight pattern most fleets run on. Opportunity charging is ad-hoc topping-up during the day. Dispatch logic for one doesn't transfer cleanly to the other.
kW vs kWh
Worth repeating: kW is the rate of power delivery, kWh is the total energy delivered. Mixing them up is the single most common error in this entire glossary.
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